There are several key factors that affect economic growth and development, including the following:

1. Investment: Investment is critical because it helps to create new jobs, expand production capabilities, and bring about new opportunities for growth.

2. Human capital: Human capital is another critical factor that affects economic growth and development. This refers to the skills, knowledge, and experience of the workforce.

3. Technological progress: Technological advancements can help businesses to innovate and create new products and services that improve their competitiveness.

4. Globalization: Globalization refers to the expansion of international trade and investment. It can help countries to access new markets and sources of capital, which can boost their economic growth.

5. Public policies: The policies of governments can have a significant impact on economic growth and development. Favorable policies can promote investment, innovation, and exports, while unfavorable policies can create barriers to growth.

Measuring Economic Growth and Development:

There are several ways to measure economic growth and development, including:

1. Gross Domestic Product (GDP): GDP is the sum of all goods and services produced within a country in a given period. It provides a measure of the overall size of an economy.

2. Human Development Index (HDI): HDI measures the quality of life in a country by looking at indicators such as life expectancy, education, and income.

3. Poverty rate: The poverty rate measures the amount of people below a certain income threshold.

4. Unemployment rate: The unemployment rate measures the proportion of the labor force that is unemployed.

5. Income inequality: Income inequality measures the distribution of income across the population.